Notes for A1.2.11 Directionality of RNA and DNA (HL only) - IB | RevisionDojo
A1.2.11 Directionality of RNA and DNA (HL only) Notes
All Nucleic Acids Move From A 5' to 3' Direction
Nucleotides link together by phosphodiester bonds between the phosphate of one nucleotide and the 3′ hydroxyl group of the sugar in the next nucleotide.
As a result:
The 5′ end has a free phosphate group attached to the 5′ carbon of the sugar.
The 3′ end has a free hydroxyl (–OH) group attached to the 3′ carbon of the sugar.
Drill "5' to 3'" into your head Note
5′ end is the end of a nucleic acid strand with a free phosphate group at the 5′ carbon of the sugar. 3′ end is the end of a nucleic acid strand with a free hydroxyl group on the 3′ carbon of the sugar.
Significance For Replication, Transcription, and Translation
It is crucial for you to recognize that DNA synthesis always occurs in the 5'-to-3' direction.
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Questions
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1 of 5
Question 1
Recap question
During DNA replication, one strand is synthesized continuously while the other is synthesized in Okazaki fragments. Which feature of the template determines which mode of synthesis occurs?
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Note
Introduction to DNA and RNA Directionality
DNA and RNA are not just random chains of nucleotides; they have a specific directionality that is fundamental to their function. This directionality is defined by the 5' (five-prime) and 3' (three-prime) ends of the nucleotide chain.
The 5' end is where the phosphate group attaches to the 5th carbon of the sugar molecule.
The 3' end has a free hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to the 3rd carbon of the sugar molecule.
AnalogyThink of DNA and RNA like a train track, where the 5' end is the starting station and the 3' end is the destination. The directionality ensures that the train (or molecular processes) can only move in one direction.
