AAHL 3.15.1 Intersecting lines | Free Mathematics Analysis and Approaches (AA) Video | RevisionDojo
IB Mathematics Analysis and Approaches (AA) videos / AHL 3.15—Classification of lines Free video lesson IB · Mathematics Analysis and Approaches (AA)
AAHL 3.15.1 Intersecting lines Learn AAHL 3.15.1 Intersecting lines in this free IB Mathematics Analysis and Approaches (AA) video lesson for AHL 3.15—Classification of lines.
About this video Learn AAHL 3.15.1 Intersecting lines in this free IB Mathematics Analysis and Approaches (AA) video lesson for AHL 3.15—Classification of lines.
In this lesson, the focus is on understanding the different types of lines in geometry: coincident , parallel , intersecting , and skew lines.
Coincident lines are the same line, sharing both position and direction vectors.
Parallel lines have the same direction but do not intersect, while intersecting lines meet at a point.
Skew lines neither intersect nor are parallel, which is common in three-dimensional space.
The process of finding the intersection point of two lines involves equating their equations and solving for the parameters, typically denoted as λ \lambda λ and μ \mu μ . The final intersection point is determined by substituting these values back into the line equations, resulting in a position vector that represents the point of intersection.
00:02
lesson we're going to do
00:03 a few things. We're going
00:05 to look at these four
00:07 different types of pairs of
00:08 lines and then I'm going
00:11 find the intersecting points of
00:14 two lines that intersect. We're
00:15 going to use this example.
00:18 So firstly, let's look at
00:19 what these forwards mean. So
00:21 coincident, coincident means they are
00:28 So this line and this
00:29 line and I talked about
00:30 this before they are actually
00:32 the same line because they
00:35 both have a position vector
00:40 on the line and their
00:42 direction vectors are parallel. Look
00:45 this times 3 gives you
00:47 this. So the direction vectors
00:48 they don't have to be
00:49 the same but they are
00:50 going they are going in
00:52 the same direction. Now note
00:56 and mu are different. I
01:00 haven't used lambda twice. I
01:03 have here actually, I need
01:04 to delete it. But the
01:07 parameter is different because obviously
01:14 here, you get 112. And
01:16 here, you get 406. So
01:18 different parameter. OK, that's coincident
01:24 Paralleluines, you know what Paralleluice,
01:26 in 2D, it's same gradient,
01:29 this is Paralleluice, it's the
01:31 exact same in 3D. So
01:34 we know what Paralleluice. Note
01:35 the way we know what
01:37 Paralleluice, the direction vectors are
01:39 again Paralleluice, going in the
01:41 same direction. I don't even
01:42 care about the position vector.
01:44 So 3, negative 1, and
01:45 4, is Paralleluice to 6,
01:47 negative 2, 8. This times
01:52 Next one, intersecting lines. So
01:55 they intersect simple. I mentioned
01:57 in a previous lesson two
01:59 lines in 2D always intersect
02:03 unless they're parallel. In 3D
02:05 that's just not the case.
02:10 lines, in fact I did
02:11 for this one, the chances
02:13 are they're not going to
02:15 intersect. In fact it's highly
02:16 unlikely if you just made
02:20 would actually intersect. So these
02:23 ones do, but these ones
02:25 don't. These are called skew
02:26 lines. So skew lines are
02:28 lines that don't intersect and
02:31 are not parallel. So I'm
02:33 just going to show you
02:34 in geodebra, an example of
02:38 these pairs. So the first
02:39 two, these are the same
02:41 lines that I've done in
02:43 my example. So this is
02:45 the first line. And you
02:48 position vector 1, 1, 2
02:50 there. But when I draw
02:58 it, it's actually the exact
03:01 same line. That's why you
03:02 didn't see anything because it's
03:04 take that one off, it's
03:06 still the same line. Okay.
03:10 The next one was this
03:16 This one's their parallel. Look,
03:20 you can clearly see their
03:21 parallel. They're never going to
03:22 touch each other and they're
03:23 going in the same direction.
03:30 intersecting lines. That was this
03:32 one and this one. So
03:33 here you see the intersect
03:34 and that's the point that
03:38 we are going to find
03:41 just zoom a little bit.
03:44 get intersect there. And then
03:46 finally my skew lines were
03:49 picked, I used the first
03:51 this one. Hopefully they don't
03:53 intersect. But as I said,
03:55 it's highly, highly unlikely two
03:57 lines were intersects. So clearly
03:58 they don't intersect and clearly
04:01 they're not parallel. They are
04:03 skew lines. Okay, hopefully that
04:08 explanation makes a bit of
04:09 sense. And what I'm going
04:12 is using this example we
04:14 are going to find that
04:16 intersecting point. So to find
04:19 the intersecting point what we're
04:21 bit like if we're finding
04:23 where two curves meet or
04:27 two straight lines meet we
04:28 equate them so that's exactly
04:29 what we're going to do
04:30 we're going to equate this
04:32 to this so I'm going
04:43 times negative 1, 2, 1
04:47 equals 2, 1, negative 14
04:52 plus mu times 2, negative
05:02 going to find where this
05:06 equals this, I'm going to
05:07 find the value of lambda
05:08 and mu for which they
05:11 are equal. So it's pretty
05:12 straightforward. I'm going to do
05:14 6 minus lambda equals 2
05:18 plus 2 mu. That's my
05:21 first equation. Then I have
05:22 a second equation, 1 plus
05:24 2 lambda equals 1 minus
05:30 a third equation, 2 plus
05:36 negative 14 plus 3 mu.
05:44 Now we could, well what
05:50 we're going to solve this
05:52 with the calculator, but I'm
05:55 just going to solve for,
05:57 I'm just going to use,
05:58 I only have two unknowns,
05:59 I only need two equations.
06:02 So I'm going to solve
06:03 it for lambda and mu
06:04 using the first two equations.
06:06 Let's call this equation one,
06:08 this equation two, and this
06:09 equation three. So obviously if
06:13 it was paper one, you
06:15 by hand, but I'm not
06:18 much effort. I am going
06:19 to go to algebra, solve
06:21 system of linear equations, two
06:23 equations. I'm not going to
06:26 use, so it's lambda and
06:30 m for lambda and mu.
06:33 So it's 6 minus lambda
06:39 equals 2 plus 2m over,
06:47 what about over? Next equation,
06:49 1 plus 2 lambda equals
06:56 Enter and I get negative
06:58 4, negative 4. So I'm
07:01 GDC. And I'm going to
07:05 write and equations, equations 1
07:08 and 2. Lambda equals negative
07:19 Now, if you solve these
07:21 two equations for two unknowns,
07:23 you are going to get
07:29 because these two, these are
07:33 just two kind of straight
07:34 lines in two dimensions. So
07:37 you're gonna get a solution.
07:40 But you have to check
07:42 for the third equation because
07:46 explain this. If you have
07:48 two, imagine you have two
07:49 straight lines like, well let's
07:54 skew lines. Well look at
07:59 at these in 2d, this
08:03 is 2d, this is without
08:05 me looking straight down, they
08:06 intersect. So I'm going to
08:10 find a solution. If they
08:13 intersect there, it's only when
08:17 dimension like this, that I'm
08:21 actually able to have a
08:23 actually intersect or not.
08:25 It's very, very important that
08:27 you check, you have to
08:29 check if that third equation
08:32 is satisfied. So I'm going
08:34 to sub into sub into
08:37 equation three to see if
08:42 it is satisfied. So that's
08:43 two minus four equals negative
08:47 14 plus three times four,
08:52 which is negative two.
08:53 equals negative two correct lines
09:00 intersect. So the first thing
09:04 if they intersect now I
09:06 said yes they if you're
09:07 told they intersect then yeah
09:10 you can just you can
09:11 go straight to lambda because
09:12 minus negative foreign and mu
09:13 equals 4 but sometimes you
09:17 might have to you might
09:18 be asked do they intersect
09:21 if they intersect to find
09:22 the point of intersection, so
09:24 find that. If you don't
09:25 know the intersection, you have
09:27 that the third equation is
09:28 satisfied. Then, once I have
09:32 my lambda and my mu,
09:35 I'm going to sub it.
09:37 either of these. I can
09:38 either sub lambda in here
09:40 get the same answer, and
09:41 that will give me the
09:44 position vector of the point
09:45 of intersection, and then hence
09:52 to sub into line. Let's
10:04 6, 1, 2, plus lambda,
10:08 lambda is negative 4, negative
10:11 4 times negative 1, 2,
10:15 1, negative 1, 2, 1.
10:17 And this gives me six
10:21 plus four is ten. One
10:25 minus eight is negative seven,
10:27 two minus four is negative
10:29 two. Therefore, point of intersection
10:35 is, because remember, this is
10:37 a position vector. They wanted
10:38 a point, it's ten negative
10:42 seven, negative two.
10:46 in here, guess what you're
10:48 gonna get? You're gonna get
10:49 10, negative 7, and negative
10:54 2. So that's the point
10:56 of intersection. Okay, that's it.
11:00 the point of intersection between
11:02 two lines, and you need
11:03 to know what coincident lines
11:06 are. Parallel lines are, and
11:09 skew lines are. Hope that