Explanations of Natural Phenomena
Purpose of Scientific Inquiry
The central purpose of scientific inquiry is to develop explanations of natural phenomena through a continuing and creative process.
Scientific inquiry is a creative processthat has been ongoingsince humanshave been on Earth and will continuelong into the future.
Following Procedures
Scientific inquiry depends on the objective application of certain procedures, including:
- Modeling
- Research
- Reconciliation of opposing viewpoints
- Presentation of explanations
Modeling
The Role of Models in Scientific Inquiry
Models are tools that help scientists understand complex phenomena by representing them in simplified or visual forms.
Scientific explanationsare built by combining evidencethat can be observedwith existing knowledge.
Types of Models
- Mathematical Models: Use formulas and equations to represent relationships.
- Schematic Models: Use diagrams or charts to illustrate processes.
- Physical Models: Three-dimensional representations of structures or systems.
A biochemistmay develop a modelof a biochemical pathwayusing formulasto represent different steps.
When creating models, focus on the key elementsthat capturethe essenceof the phenomenonyou are studying.
Research
Building on the Work of Others
Scientific inquiry involves:
- Asking questions
- Locating, interpreting, and processing information from various sources
Scientists relyon a large bodyof scientific literaturecreated from centuriesof experimentation, thinking, and discussion.
Reconciliation of Opposing Viewpoints
Evaluating Information
- Judging reliability: Assess the source and relevance of information.
- Reproducibility: Experiments must be reproducible to be considered reliable.
Scientific explanationsare acceptedwhen they are consistentwith evidenceand leadto accurate predictions.
Not all materialwritten about scienceis reliable. Be cautiousof biasor misleading information.
Presentation of Explanations
Representing Data Effectively
- Graphical Representation: Use different scales to highlight patterns or trends.
- Focus and Specificity: Isolate variables to understand their individual effects.
Well-accepted theories are supportedby investigationsfrom different disciplines, such as biochemistry, cytology, and genetics.
When analyzing data, consider changingthe scaleor focusto reveal hidden patterns.
The Evolving Nature of Scientific Explanations
- Tentative and Subject to Change: New evidence can support or contradict existing theories.
- Divergent Ideas: Competing explanations stimulate new thinking and experimentation.
Scientific knowledgeis constantly evolving, driven by the processof inquiryand discovery.
How do modelshelp you understand complex biological processes? Can you think of a modelyou have used in your studies?
