Static electricity

Electric fields

Magnetism, magnetic fields

Electric and magnetic fields

Electromagnetic forces and induction

AC & DC

Generation and transmission of electricity

Current, voltage, power

Electric circuits

MYP Physics Electric and Magnetic Fields Notes

How Can Electricity Create Magnetism?

Physicists often prefer a small number of universal laws rather than many separate rules for specific situations.

A major success of this approach was James Clerk Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism, which showed that electricity and magnetism are deeply linked.

Note

Even though electric and magnetic fields are linked, they are not identical.
For example, a stationary charge produces an electric field but no magnetic field.

The Magnetic Effect of an Electric Current

When an electric current flows through a wire, it creates a magnetic field around the wire.

This magnetic field exists only while the current is flowing.

If the current stops, the magnetic field disappears immediately.

This shows that electricity and magnetism are closely linked.

Example

A compass placed near a wire deflects when current flows through the wire.

Note

This magnetic field is not caused by a permanent magnet.
It is created by the moving charges.

Shape of the Magnetic Field Around a Straight Wire

The magnetic field around a straight current-carrying wire forms concentric circles.

These circles are centred on the wire.

The magnetic field gets weaker as the distance from the wire increases.

There are no north or south poles around a straight wire.

Analogy

The magnetic field around a wire is like ripples spreading out when a stone is dropped into water.

The Right-Hand Grip Rule Gives The Field Direction

To find the direction of the magnetic field around a straight current-carrying wire:

Point your right thumb in the direction of the conventional current $I$.
Your curled fingers show the direction of the magnetic field $\mathbf{B}$.

If the current is towards you (out of the page), the field circles anticlockwise.

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MYP Physics Electric and Magnetic Fields Notes

How Can Electricity Create Magnetism?

The Magnetic Effect of an Electric Current

Shape of the Magnetic Field Around a Straight Wire

The Right-Hand Grip Rule Gives The Field Direction

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How Can Electricity Create Magnetism?

The Magnetic Effect of an Electric Current

Shape of the Magnetic Field Around a Straight Wire

The Right-Hand Grip Rule Gives The Field Direction

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Forces and energy8 subtopics

Heat, light and sound6 subtopics

Electromagnetism9 subtopics

Waves5 subtopics

Astrophysics3 subtopics

Atomic physics2 subtopics

MYP Physics Electric and Magnetic Fields Notes

Forces and energy8 subtopics

Heat, light and sound6 subtopics

Electromagnetism9 subtopics

Waves5 subtopics

Astrophysics3 subtopics

Atomic physics2 subtopics

How Can Electricity Create Magnetism?

The Magnetic Effect of an Electric Current

Shape of the Magnetic Field Around a Straight Wire

The Right-Hand Grip Rule Gives The Field Direction

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

How Can Electricity Create Magnetism?

The Magnetic Effect of an Electric Current

Shape of the Magnetic Field Around a Straight Wire

The Right-Hand Grip Rule Gives The Field Direction

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Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

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