MYP English Lang & Lit Fact Vs Opinion Notes

Fact And Opinion Shape What We Believe

1. In an age of mass information, we constantly meet texts (articles, posts, videos, speeches) that mix information with persuasion.
2. Learning to separate fact from opinion helps you judge a text's credibility (how trustworthy it is) and respond thoughtfully rather than automatically.
3. A key idea is that texts often sit on a spectrum:
   1. more objective, aiming to inform using verifiable evidence
   2. more subjective, expressing personal viewpoints and feelings
   3. sometimes biased, promoting one perspective while reducing alternatives

Facts Are Verifiable Claims, Not Just "True-Sounding" Sentences

1. A fact is not defined by how confident it sounds. It is defined by whether it can be verified.
2. Facts often include:
   1. specific numbers (statistics, measurements)
   2. dates, times, locations
   3. named events you can confirm happened
   4. direct, attributable observations (especially when supported by evidence)

Facts Can Still Be Used Persuasively

1. Even when statements are verifiable, writers can select which facts to include, what to leave out, and where to place them.
2. That selection can support a particular viewpoint.

Opinions Express Judgements, Interpretations, And Values

1. An opinion shows what a writer thinks, feels, or believes. Opinions can be strong, moving, and important, but they should be recognized as interpretation, not treated as proven fact.
2. Opinion statements often:
   1. use emotive language (words that trigger feelings)
   2. make value judgements (good/bad, shocking/acceptable)
   3. propose what "should" happen
   4. interpret causes or assign blame

Text Purpose Often Determines The Balance Of Fact And Opinion

Understanding a text's purpose helps you predict how it will use facts and opinions.

News Reports Usually Aim To Inform

1. A news report typically prioritizes verifiable information, balanced sourcing, and clear separation between reporting and commentary (though perfect objectivity is rare).

Opinion Pieces Aim To Influence

1. An opinion article (editorial, column, commentary) is expected to argue a viewpoint.
2. It may use facts, but it often combines them with interpretation, evaluation, and calls for action.

Opinion Disguised As Fact Is A Major Credibility Problem