The French Revolution of 1848, also known as the February Revolution, ended the rule of King Louis-Philippe and led to the establishment of the Second French Republic.
1848 Revolution and the Second Republic
The February 1848 Revolution began with protests against economic hardship (high unemployment, food shortages) and demands for electoral reform.
Demonstrations in Paris forced Louis Philippe to abdicate, and the Second Republic was proclaimed.
Universal male suffrage was introduced, giving millions of Frenchmen the vote for the first time.
The Republic promised social reforms, including National Workshops to provide jobs for the unemployed.
Repression and Division
The new government was divided between moderates, who wanted order, and radicals/socialists, who demanded deeper social reforms.
The June Days (1848) saw violent clashes in Paris after the closure of the National Workshops.
This repression showed that the new Republic was unwilling to pursue radical social change and highlighted the deep divide between classes.
Charles-Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte, best known as Napoleon III, was the nephew of Napoleon I. He was the first and only President of the Second French Republic before becoming emperor.
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What were the economic hardships that led to the February 1848 Revolution?
