Internal and External Dimensions of Sovereignty
Definition
Sovereignty
Sovereignty is a foundational concept in global politics, referring to the authority of a state to govern itself without external interference.
- Internal Sovereignty: The power of a state to govern its own territory and population.
- External Sovereignty: The recognition of a state's independence by other states and international organizations.
Internal Sovereignty
Key Features of Internal Sovereignty
- Monopoly on the Use of Force: The state has the exclusive right to use or authorize force within its territory.
- Legal Authority: The state can create and enforce laws that apply to all individuals and institutions within its borders.
- Political Autonomy: The state can make decisions on governance, economic policy, and social issues without external interference.
- The United States exercises internal sovereignty through its federal government, which has the authority to enact laws, collect taxes, and maintain a military.
Challenges to Internal Sovereignty
- Civil Conflict: Internal wars or rebellions can undermine a state's control.
- Decentralization: Federal systems may distribute power to regional governments, complicating central authority.
- Non-State Actors: Groups like multinational corporations or terrorist organizations can challenge state authority.
- The Syrian Civil War illustrates a breakdown of internal sovereignty, with the government losing control over large parts of its territory to rebel groups and external actors.
External Sovereignty
Key Features of External Sovereignty
- International Recognition: A state is acknowledged as independent by other states and international bodies.
- Territorial Integrity: Other states are expected to respect a state's borders and refrain from interference.
- Participation in International Relations: Sovereign states can enter treaties, join international organizations, and engage in diplomacy.
