IB Geography Topic F.3.2 Influence of Tncs on Food and Health Revision Notes (SL/HL)

IB Geography Topic F.3.2 Influence of Tncs on Food and Health Revision Notes (SL/HL) | RevisionDojo

Written by official IB examiners

Economic Power and Its Impact on Consumption Habits

Agribusiness TNCs: Controlling the Food Supply Chain

How TNCs Influence Availability and Affordability

Transnational corporations (TNCs) like Cargill, Monsanto, and Nestlé dominate global food supply chains.
They control everything from equipping farmers, production, processing to distribution and retailing, affecting what food is available and at what price.

Example

Walmart, one of the world's largest retailers, uses its economic power to negotiate lower prices with suppliers.
This influences what products are stocked and their affordability for consumers.

Monoculture Farming and Its Consequences

To maximize profits, agribusiness TNCs often promote monoculture farming, the cultivation of a single crop over large areas.

While economically efficient, this practice has significant downsides:

Reduced Biodiversity: Monocultures replace diverse ecosystems with single-crop fields, threatening plant and animal species.
Increased Vulnerability: Reliance on one crop heightens the risk of disease or pest outbreaks, potentially leading to food shortages.
Environmental Degradation: Monocultures often require heavy pesticide and fertilizer use, degrading soil and polluting water sources.

Example

Monsanto promotes genetically modified soybeans in Brazil. While boosting yields, this has led to deforestation in the Amazon and loss of biodiversity.

Note

Tip

Monoculture farming may increase short-term yields but poses long-term risks to food security and ecosystem health.

Media and Advertising: Shaping Dietary Habits

The Power of Advertising

Media and advertising play a crucial role in shaping what we eat.

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Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit, sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est, qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet, consectetur, adipisci velit.

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat.

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

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Economic Power and Its Impact on Consumption Habits

Agribusiness TNCs: Controlling the Food Supply Chain

How TNCs Influence Availability and Affordability

Transnational corporations (TNCs) like Cargill, Monsanto, and Nestlé dominate global food supply chains.
They control everything from equipping farmers, production, processing to distribution and retailing, affecting what food is available and at what price.

Example

Walmart, one of the world's largest retailers, uses its economic power to negotiate lower prices with suppliers.
This influences what products are stocked and their affordability for consumers.

Monoculture Farming and Its Consequences

To maximize profits, agribusiness TNCs often promote monoculture farming, the cultivation of a single crop over large areas.

While economically efficient, this practice has significant downsides:

Reduced Biodiversity: Monocultures replace diverse ecosystems with single-crop fields, threatening plant and animal species.
Increased Vulnerability: Reliance on one crop heightens the risk of disease or pest outbreaks, potentially leading to food shortages.
Environmental Degradation: Monocultures often require heavy pesticide and fertilizer use, degrading soil and polluting water sources.

Example

Monsanto promotes genetically modified soybeans in Brazil. While boosting yields, this has led to deforestation in the Amazon and loss of biodiversity.

Note

Tip

Monoculture farming may increase short-term yields but poses long-term risks to food security and ecosystem health.

Media and Advertising: Shaping Dietary Habits

The Power of Advertising

Media and advertising play a crucial role in shaping what we eat.

Definition

Paywall

(on a website) an arrangement whereby access is restricted to users who have paid to subscribe to the site.

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Note

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam quis nostrud exercitation.

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Tip

Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit.
Sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua.
Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris.
Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum.

1 Changing Population3 subtopics

2 Global Climate - Vulnerability and Resilience3 subtopics

3 Global Resource Consumption and Security3 subtopics

4 Power, Places and Networks (HL only)3 subtopics

5 Human Development and Diversity (HL only)3 subtopics

6 Global Risks and Resilience (HL only)3 subtopics

Option A Freshwater - Drainage Basins4 subtopics

Option B Oceans and Coastal Margins4 subtopics

Option C Extreme Environments4 subtopics

Option D Geophysical Hazards4 subtopics

Option E Leisure, Tourism and Sport4 subtopics

Option F The Geography of Food and Health4 subtopics

Option G Urban Environments5 subtopics

IB Geography F.3.2 Influence of Tncs on Food and Health Notes

1 Changing Population3 subtopics

2 Global Climate - Vulnerability and Resilience3 subtopics

3 Global Resource Consumption and Security3 subtopics

4 Power, Places and Networks (HL only)3 subtopics

5 Human Development and Diversity (HL only)3 subtopics

6 Global Risks and Resilience (HL only)3 subtopics

Option A Freshwater - Drainage Basins4 subtopics

Option B Oceans and Coastal Margins4 subtopics

Option C Extreme Environments4 subtopics

Option D Geophysical Hazards4 subtopics

Option E Leisure, Tourism and Sport4 subtopics

Option F The Geography of Food and Health4 subtopics

Option G Urban Environments5 subtopics

Economic Power and Its Impact on Consumption Habits

Agribusiness TNCs: Controlling the Food Supply Chain

How TNCs Influence Availability and Affordability

Monoculture Farming and Its Consequences

Media and Advertising: Shaping Dietary Habits

The Power of Advertising

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Economic Power and Its Impact on Consumption Habits

Agribusiness TNCs: Controlling the Food Supply Chain

How TNCs Influence Availability and Affordability

Monoculture Farming and Its Consequences

Media and Advertising: Shaping Dietary Habits

The Power of Advertising

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account