IB Geography B.1.3 Hurricanes and Their Impacts on Coastal Margins Notes

Understanding Storm Systems and Coastal Impacts

Imagine standing on a beach, watching the ocean churn as dark clouds gather overhead.

The air feels heavy, and the wind picks up speed.

This is the beginning of a storm system, a powerful force of nature that can reshape coastlines and disrupt lives.

Note

Storm systems, also known as tropical cyclones, hurricanes, or typhoons, are intense low-pressure systems that form over warm ocean waters.

How Storm Systems Form

Warm Ocean Water: The ocean surface must be at least 26°C to provide the heat energy needed for evaporation and ocean water has to be similarly warm to a depth of 50-70 meters.

Rising Air and Low Pressure: As warm, moist air rises, it cools and condenses into clouds, releasing latent heat. This heat causes more air to rise, creating a low-pressure area at the surface.

Coriolis Effect: The Earth’s rotation causes the rising air to spin, forming the characteristic spiraling winds of a storm system.

Air and Water Circulation: The cooled off air descends along the edges of the system and rushes towards the center to equalize the air pressure - this causes extreme winds. At the same time the water held in clouds starts to fall - this causes extreme precipitation.

Sustained Energy: The storm continues to grow as long as it remains over warm water and away from land, where friction and cooler temperatures weaken it.

Tip

The Coriolis effect is why storms rotate counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.

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IB Geography B.1.3 Hurricanes and Their Impacts on Coastal Margins Notes

IB Geography B.1.3 Hurricanes and Their Impacts on Coastal Margins Notes

Understanding Storm Systems and Coastal Impacts

How Storm Systems Form

Where Do Storm Systems Occur?

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Understanding Storm Systems and Coastal Impacts

How Storm Systems Form

Where Do Storm Systems Occur?

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IB Geography B.1.3 Hurricanes and Their Impacts on Coastal Margins Notes

1 Changing Population3 subtopics

2 Global Climate - Vulnerability and Resilience3 subtopics

3 Global Resource Consumption and Security3 subtopics

4 Power, Places and Networks (HL only)3 subtopics

5 Human Development and Diversity (HL only)3 subtopics

6 Global Risks and Resilience (HL only)3 subtopics

Option A Freshwater - Drainage Basins4 subtopics

Option B Oceans and Coastal Margins4 subtopics

Option C Extreme Environments4 subtopics

Option D Geophysical Hazards4 subtopics

Option E Leisure, Tourism and Sport4 subtopics

Option F The Geography of Food and Health4 subtopics

Option G Urban Environments5 subtopics

IB Geography B.1.3 Hurricanes and Their Impacts on Coastal Margins Notes

1 Changing Population3 subtopics

2 Global Climate - Vulnerability and Resilience3 subtopics

3 Global Resource Consumption and Security3 subtopics

4 Power, Places and Networks (HL only)3 subtopics

5 Human Development and Diversity (HL only)3 subtopics

6 Global Risks and Resilience (HL only)3 subtopics

Option A Freshwater - Drainage Basins4 subtopics

Option B Oceans and Coastal Margins4 subtopics

Option C Extreme Environments4 subtopics

Option D Geophysical Hazards4 subtopics

Option E Leisure, Tourism and Sport4 subtopics

Option F The Geography of Food and Health4 subtopics

Option G Urban Environments5 subtopics

Understanding Storm Systems and Coastal Impacts

How Storm Systems Form

Where Do Storm Systems Occur?

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

Unlock the rest of this chapter with a free account

Understanding Storm Systems and Coastal Impacts

How Storm Systems Form

Where Do Storm Systems Occur?

anim nostrud sit dolore minim proident quis fugiat velit et eiusmod nulla quis nulla mollit dolor sunt culpa aliqua

Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit

Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident

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