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Mechanical Advantage Calculations

Definition

Mechanical Advantage

The ratio of output force to input force in a mechanical system.

Note

Key formula:

$$\text{Mechanical Advantage (MA)} = \frac{\text{Load}}{\text{Effort}}$$

Mechanical advantage is a unitless value, as it represents a ratio of forces.

Types of Mechanical Systems

Gears
Pulleys
Belts
Levers

Gears

$$\text{MA} = \frac{\text{Number of teeth on driven gear}}{\text{Number of teeth on driving gear}}$$

Used to increase torque or speed (e.g. bicycle gears, drill motors).

Example

A gear with 40 teeth driving a gear with 20 teeth → MA = 0.5 (speed increases, torque decreases).

Pulleys

MA = Number of rope segments supporting the load.
More pulleys = less effort required, but more rope length pulled.
Types of Pulley Systems:
1. Fixed Pulley: MA = 1 (changes direction of force).

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A. Design in theory8 subtopics

B. Design in practice8 subtopics

C. Design in context8 subtopics

B3.3.1 Mechanical advantage calculations Notes