Abstraction in Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

What is Abstraction?

Definition

Abstraction

Abstraction is the process of hiding implementation details and exposing only the essential features of an object.

It allows programmers to focus on what an object does, not how it does it.

Hint

Think of it as using a car: you know how to drive it, but you don’t need to know how the engine works.

Why Abstraction Matters

Simplifies Complexity
1. Reduces the problem to its core functionality.
2. Makes large systems easier to understand and manage.
Modular Code
1. Encourages development of independent modules.
2. Improves readability and maintainability.
Reusability & Extensibility
1. Abstract classes and interfaces allow flexible reuse across multiple projects.

How Abstraction is Implemented

Abstract Classes

Define common attributes and methods but leave some methods abstract (unimplemented).
Subclasses provide specific implementations.

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Note

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Tip

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A1 Computer fundamentals4 subtopics

A2 Networks4 subtopics

A3 Databases4 subtopics

A4 Machine learning4 subtopics

B1 Computational thinking1 subtopic

B2 Programming5 subtopics

B3 Object-oriented programming2 subtopics

B4 Abstract data types (HL only)1 subtopic

B3.2.3 Explaining the Concept of Abstraction in OOP (HL only) Notes