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When stress is prolonged, it affects physical health and impairs psychological functioning. The physical exhaustion is seen in the signs of chronic fatigue, weakness and low energy. The mental exhaustion appears in the form of irritability, anxiety, feelings of helplessness and hopelessness. This state of physical, emotional and psychological exhaustion is known as burnout.
GAS model of stress - alarm reaction, resistance and exhaustion.
Psychoneuroimmunology - studies the effects of stress on the immune system. Reduced levels of natural killer cell cytotoxicity have been found in people who are highly stressed, negative emotions, release of stress hormones which lead to weakening of the immune system, thereby affecting mental and physical health.
Stress can affect the function of various immune cells, including lymphocytes (such as T cells and B cells), natural killer cells, and macrophages. These cells play crucial roles in identifying and destroying pathogens (such as viruses and bacteria) and abnormal cells (such as cancer cells). Chronic stress can impair the functioning of these immune cells, making the body more susceptible to infections and illnesses.

50:T408,The General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) model, proposed by Hans Selye, describes the body's response to stress. The model consists of three stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.
In the alarm stage, the body reacts to a stressor, triggering the fight-or-flight response and releasing stress hormones. In the resistance stage, the body tries to adapt and cope with the ongoing stressor, utilizing its resources to maintain stability. If the stressor persists for a prolonged period, the body enters the exhaustion stage, where its resources become depleted, leading to physical and psychological health problems.
Critics of the GAS model argue that it oversimplifies the stress response, neglecting the individual's subjective experience and the role of psychological factors. It also assumes a universal response to stress without considering individual differences. Additionally, the model primarily focuses on the physiological aspects of stress and neglects the impact of social and environmental factors.

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