00:00Hi guys, so this is
00:03going to be my introduction
00:03to vectors. So firstly, what
00:07is a vector? Well, very
00:08simply, a vector is a
00:11physical quantity that has both
00:14magnitude and direction. So that's
00:17important. It's got magnitude and
00:19it's also got direction. So
00:20given some examples here of
00:22what is a scalar, now
00:23a scalar is a physical
00:25quantity that only has magnitude.
00:27So an example
00:28the scale would be in
00:29distance speed. So if you
00:32remember kinematics, if you studied
00:34kinematics before vectors, you'll remember
00:36speed is just the speed
00:38like a car has speed
00:40and it can go 40
00:42kilometers per hour forwards and
00:44it can go 40 kilometers
00:45per hour backwards and the
00:46speed is the same. It
00:47doesn't matter if it's going
00:48forwards or backwards whereas the
00:50velocity is different. It's very
00:52different if it's going forwards
00:53and going backwards whereas the
00:55speed is the same.
00:56And it's the same here
00:57with mass. It doesn't have
00:59direction, temperature doesn't have direction.
01:01Whereas all these like displacement,
01:03velocity, force, acceleration have direction.
01:07So clearly you can see
01:08vectors are going to have
01:10a lot of applications in
01:11this kind of, well, the
01:12kinematics area in physics, there's
01:14loads and loads of examples,
01:16graphic design. And anywhere where
01:19you, if you want to
01:20model straight, what if you
01:23want to use straight
01:24lines to model in three
01:26dimensions, then vectors are really,
01:30really useful. Okay, so let's
01:34get into how we can
01:35write vectors and what the
01:37whole thing means. So, we
01:40have a few different ways
01:41to write a vector. We
01:44can have, imagine we have
01:46point, okay, what I am,
01:49let's start with a vector.
01:52that looks like this. So
01:53we're going to draw vectors
01:54using straight lines. So imagine
01:57a vector goes along three
01:59and up four. Now what
02:03we do is we put
02:04an arrow on the vector.
02:05I usually at the end,
02:06but sometimes you'd see an
02:08arrow in the middle. So
02:10this vector, this is a
02:15vector. It has a length,
02:17and we'll see later on
02:19how to get the magnitude
02:19of a vector.
02:20vector, which is actually Pythagoras'
02:22theorem that will help us
02:23get the magnitude. So it
02:25has a magnitude, it has
02:26a length, but it also
02:28has a direction, it's going
02:29in a certain direction. So
02:30the way we actually write
02:31this vector is, we write
02:33it like this, one, two,
02:36three. So three is here,
02:38and then one, two, three,
02:40four, three, four, like this.
02:43So you might have seen
02:44this notation before, three, four.
02:46Not to be confused with
02:48NCR from choosing objects, you
02:52can also see that notation
02:54written like that, but it's
02:56got nothing to do with
02:56that. So three, four means
02:57I go along three and
02:59up four, and that's the
03:00direction of it. A vector
03:02like this would be, I
03:06don't know, let's go like
03:07something like this. This vector,
03:10if I'm going that way,
03:11will be negative four, this
03:14is gonna be negative four,
03:16and then negative two, negative
03:19four, negative two. Now something
03:21that's important with vectors is,
03:25I'm gonna do this, something
03:27that's important is I can
03:28pick this vector up and
03:30move it anywhere I want
03:31and it's still the same
03:32vector. This vector is three
03:35four, it doesn't matter where
03:36it goes. So if I
03:38actually, like if I have
03:38it here and let's just
03:40copy this.
03:44And I have another vector.
03:47These vectors are exactly the
03:48same. This vector is also
03:50three, four. What's different is,
03:52imagine you're a car, this
03:54guy's starting here, and he
03:58travels using this vector to
04:01here. And then this guy
04:03travels using this vector to
04:04here. They've still traveled the
04:06exact same amount in the
04:09exact same direction. They're just
04:10starting in different places. So
04:11these vectors are
04:12the same. Okay, that's the
04:16first thing. Second thing, we're
04:22going to move vectors into
04:25three dimensions. So look at
04:26this. Here we have Jojibra.
04:30Now, I can type a
04:33vector in here, vector point.
04:38Now, if you just type
04:39in a point, let's say
04:40two
04:403, negative 4. He assumes
04:47you're starting from 0, starting
04:50from 0. So he's going,
04:51he's going, 2 in the
04:53x direction. So let's go
04:57over here a second. So
04:58this red axis is the
05:02x axis. The green axis
05:04is the y axis, and
05:05I'll show you the z
05:06axis and the second is
05:07the blue axis.
05:08We can see here he
05:10goes along two, so over
05:11two in the extraction, up
05:13three, so up three, so
05:15here, and then minus four
05:17so he's going down four,
05:18so look at this, so
05:20he's actually gone down four,
05:25like, so he's gone along
05:29two, down four, and it
05:31gets not possible to kind
05:32of see the whole, the
05:34point, perfect point
05:36for on the three axes,
05:38but you get the idea.
05:39It looks like that. Another
05:40option you can do in
05:42algebra is he gives you
05:44a start point and an
05:45end point. So let's say
05:46I go to five negative
05:50one and then let's go,
05:55I don't know, negative six,
05:59three, four. That gives me
06:03this vector.
06:04Now I can't just pick
06:06up the vector and move
06:08it along, but I don't
06:11move it around, but you
06:13get the point. That's the
06:14vector. Now, what he's actually
06:17doing is he's starting, so
06:20he's starting at two, he's
06:22starting at two, five, so
06:25that's two, five, and then
06:27he's down one negative one,
06:28and he's going up here.
06:30So what he's, what Jojibra
06:31actually does is,
06:33He writes the vector because
06:34if he starts at two
06:36and goes to negative six,
06:38if these are his x
06:39components, so he starts at
06:41two and goes to negative
06:42six, that's actually, he's moving
06:45left, shall we say, eight,
06:48so it's actually negative eight,
06:50negative two and five is
06:51the same thing. And I'll
06:52get to that in more
06:53detail, but it's important you
06:54understand how a vector works
06:56in three dimensions. Okay.
07:01back to this notation. How
07:05do we write vectors? So
07:07there's a few different ways
07:08to do it. Let's say
07:10I have a point A,
07:13point A, and a point
07:15B. This is the vector
07:20A, B. I'm going to
07:22put this here. Now I
07:24can write A, B, like
07:26this A,
07:29B. Sometimes, so the capital
07:34letters are the points A
07:37B. And then sometimes this
07:39will be given a name
07:40like a some kind of
07:41small letter. Let's say U.
07:45So this is actually U.
07:47So I can say A
07:47B equals U. Now imagine
07:51this vector was, let's go
07:55with one negative two.
07:57to three, something like that.
08:00This is how I write
08:00it. One, negative two, three.
08:04And then more notation that
08:06you need to know is
08:09I, J and K are
08:11the unit vectors that means
08:13vectors of length one in
08:16the x direction, y direction,
08:20and z direction. So what
08:22I mean by that in
08:23the positive direction, I should
08:24say.
08:25What I mean by that
08:26is I can write this
08:27as one eye or just
08:29I because it'll be like
08:30one eye minus two J
08:33plus three K. So this
08:38is important. If you were
08:39most certainly going to come
08:41across, I JK notation. And
08:44when they say when you
08:46see it, it just means
08:48just another way of writing
08:49this. I almost always work
08:52when I'm doing
08:53doing vector calculations, I much
08:56prefer this way of writing
08:58things is much, much nicer
08:59than IJK, which can become
09:00confusing. Okay, last thing I
09:05want to show you, position
09:06vectors, position vectors. So position
09:13vector, position vectors are from
09:20go from
09:21from the origin. So for
09:27example, if this is the
09:30origin, this is the origin,
09:32and let's say this is
09:34A, this point is A,
09:38we say the position vector,
09:40the position vector of point
09:42A is almost always little
09:48A, and these small letters
09:49are often bolded. But this
09:53is zero, this is the
09:54origin, this is some point
09:56and we say this point
09:58has a position vector which
10:00basically means the vector from
10:07zero to the point is
10:09A and that's that is
10:10the position vector. I'm going
10:12to talk a lot more
10:13about position vectors and throughout
10:17this
10:17series of lessons on vectors.
10:20That's an introduction. Hopefully it
10:23makes sense. Possibly one thing
10:27again, I'm going to talk
10:28about this in more detail
10:29when I do operations with
10:30vectors. But if this is
10:33vector, let's say this is
10:36vector, let's just call it
10:38A, so we call that
10:39A. And I go along
10:40three and up four. Well,
10:42if I have another vector
10:44like
10:45Well, I can paste again.
10:48If I have this vector,
10:50but this time, let's put
10:53this here. I want to
10:55delete this. This time I'm
10:57going to change the arrow
10:58this way. So this guy's
11:01going this way. This guy's
11:02going this way. You probably
11:04guessed how can I write
11:05this in terms of a?
11:06Well, it's just negative a
11:08because it's going the other
11:09direction. I will, as I
11:11say, talk a lot more
11:11about that in the next,
11:12in the next video.
11:13Hopefully this hasn't made you
11:17too scared because the vectors
11:18is one of those topics
11:22that is very difficult to
11:24get your head around at
11:26the beginning, but once you
11:27do, I actually find that
11:29it's a really nice topic.
11:32And the questions can get
11:34difficult, but I think if
11:35you fully understand the topic,
11:37maybe you could say this
11:38with all the topics, but
11:39if you do,
11:41understand it, there isn't really
11:43much they can ask that
11:45you won't be able to
11:46do. Okay, that's it. See
11:49you shortly in the next
11:50video where we're doing operations
11:53vector operations here.