4.3.8. Explain how Newton’s three laws of motion apply to sporting activities.

4.1.1. Label a diagram of a motor unit.

4.1.2. Explain the role of neurotransmitters in stimulating skeletal muscle contraction.

4.1.3. Explain how skeletal muscle contracts by the sliding filament theory.

4.1.4. Explain how slow and fast twitch fibre types differ in structure and function.

4.2.1. Outline the types of movement of synovial joints.

4.2.2. Outline the types of muscle contraction.

4.2.3. Explain the concept of reciprocal inhibition.

4.2.4. Analyse movements in relation to joint action and muscle contraction.

4.2.5. Explain delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) in relation to eccentric and concentric muscle contractions.

4.3.1. Define the terms force, speed, velocity, displacement, acceleration, momentum and impulse.

4.3.2. Analyse velocity–time, distance–time and force– time graphs of sporting actions.

4.3.3. Define the term centre of mass.

4.3.4. Explain that a change in body position during sporting activities can change the position of the centre of mass.

4.3.5. Distinguish between first, second and third class levers.

4.3.6. Label anatomical representations of levers.

4.3.7. Define Newton’s three laws of motion.

4.3.9. State the relationship between angular momentum, moment of inertia and angular velocity.

4.3.10. Explain the concept of angular momentum in relation to sporting activities..

4.3.11. Explain the factors that affect projectile motion at take-off or release.

4.3.12. Outline the Bernoulli principle with respect to projectile motion in sporting activities.