Acculturation is the process people go through when coming into contact with a new culture, which usually involves adaptation.

The tendency to rely too heavily on the first piece of information encountered (the "anchor") when making decisions, even if it is irrelevant or arbitrary.

Bias is a systematic error that can distort the results of a study, leading to invalid conclusions.

A systematic error that skews results in a particular direction.

Biological reductionism is a core concept in biological psychology that involves breaking down complex behaviors into simpler biological components, such as neurotransmitters, brain structures, or genes.

The relationship between two variables where one variable (the independent variable ) directly influences or causes a change in the other variable (the dependent variable).

• The relationship between two variables where one variable (the independent variable ) directly influences or causes a change in the other variable (the dependent variable).

Classical conditioning is a learning process where a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to produce a conditioned response.

This concept was first demonstrated by Ivan Pavlov in his famous experiments with dogs.

The idea that working memory has limited capacity, and learning is more effective when unnecessary demands are reduced.

A form of social influence where individuals change their behavior in response to a direct request from another person or group.

Conformity is the act of adjusting one's behavior or beliefs to align with the perceived norms or expectations of a group.

It is a form of social influence where individuals yield to group pressure , either real or imagined.

Cultural dimensions are frameworks that help us understand how cultures differ in their values, beliefs, and behaviors.

Developed by Geert Hofstede, these dimensions provide a systematic way to compare cultures and predict how cultural differences might influence behavior.

Data analysis is used to examine collected data and form insightful conclusions about them.

The process of growth and change that occurs throughout a person's life, influenced by biological, psychological, and socio-cultural factors.

The process by which individuals learn and adopt the cultural norms, values, and behaviors of their society.

The etic approach involves studying behaviour from an outside perspective, using standardized methods to compare cultures.

A pattern of behavior or thinking that causes distress or impairment in functioning, deviating from cultural norms.

The brain’s ability to reorganize itself by forming and strengthening new neural connections.

Operant conditioning is a type of learning where behaviour is shaped by its consequences.

The process of defining an abstract concept in terms of specific, observable, and measurable variables.

Research methods are the tools psychologists use to investigate questions and test hypotheses.

Schema theory proposes that our brains organize knowledge into mental frameworks called schemas.

These schemas help us interpret new information, make predictions, and guide our behavior.

The theory that a person's sense of self is shaped by group memberships, leading to in-group favoritism and out-group discrimination.

The theory that a person's sense of self is shaped by group memberships, leading to in-group favoritism and out-group discrimination.

Social Learning Theory (SLT), developed by Albert Bandura , proposes that learning occurs through observing and imitating the behaviors of others, known as models.

This process, called observational learning , is influenced by factors such as reinforcement, punishment, and the perceived similarity between the observer and the model.

Validity refers to the extent to which a concept or measurement accurately reflects what it is intended to measure.