Respiration
Respiration is the process by which organisms convert organic matter into carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O), releasing energy. It occurs in all living organisms. Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and releases significant energy. The Energy released is used for maintaining the organization of organisms, while excess energy is dissipated as heat, increasing entropy in the ecosystem.
glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the process by which primary producers convert light energy into chemical energy stored in glucose. It is carried out by autotrophs (e.g., plants, algae) and provides the raw materials for biomass production.
carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen
Feeding Relationships and Trophic Levels
Trophic Levels
Trophic levels are the position an organism occupies in a food chain or web.
Key Groups:
- Producers (Autotrophs):
- Make their own food through photosynthesis (e.g., plants, algae).
- Form the first trophic level.
- Some chemosynthetic organisms (e.g., deep-sea bacteria) produce food without sunlight.
- Consumers:
- Depend on other organisms for energy.
