Flashcards for C - Interaction and Interdependence - IB
These interactive flashcards help IB Biology students Standard Level (SL) and Higher Level (HL) quickly review and memorize the essential definitions, formulas, and terms needed for success in IB Exams. Each card focuses on C - Interaction and Interdependence and is aligned with the IB Biology syllabus, ensuring focused revision on cell biology, genetics, and ecology. Students can test themselves anytime, anywhere, perfect for reinforcing tricky concepts, learning IB terminology, and committing formulas to memory. By using RevisionDojo's flashcards consistently, learners turn repetition into mastery and enter the exam with confidence.
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C1.1 Enzymes and metabolism
17 subtopics
C1.1.4 Enzymes as globular proteins with an active site for catalysis
21 flashcards
C1.1.7 The structure of the active site, enzyme–substrate specificity and denaturation
10 flashcards
C1.1.8 Effects of temperature, pH and substrate concentration on the rate of enzyme activity
18 flashcards
C1.1.9 Measurements in enzyme-catalysed reactions
23 flashcards
C1.1.10 Effect of enzymes on activation energy
18 flashcards
C1.1.11 Intracellular and extracellular enzyme-catalysed reactions (HL)
21 flashcards
C1.1.12 Generation of heat energy by the reactions of metabolism (HL)
22 flashcards
C1.1.13 Cyclical and linear pathways in metabolism (HL)
21 flashcards
C1.1.14 Allosteric sites and non-competitive inhibition (HL)
15 flashcards
C1.1.15 Competitive inhibition (HL)
16 flashcards
C1.1.16 Regulation of metabolic pathways by feedback inhibition (HL)
15 flashcards
C1.1.17 Mechanism-based inhibition (HL)
17 flashcards
C1.2 Cell respiration
17 subtopics
C1.2.2 Life processes within cells that ATP supplies with energy
16 flashcards
C1.2.3 Energy transfers during interconversions between ATP and ADP
17 flashcards
C1.2.5 Differences between anaerobic and aerobic cell respiration in humans
15 flashcards
C1.2.6 Variables affecting the rate of cell respiration
20 flashcards
C1.2.7 Role of NAD as a carrier of hydrogen (HL)
19 flashcards
C1.2.8 Conversion of glucose to pyruvate (HL)
21 flashcards
C1.2.9 Conversion of pyruvate to lactate (HL)
16 flashcards
C1.2.10 Anaerobic cell respiration in yeast and its use in brewing and baking (HL)
19 flashcards
C1.2.12 Oxidation and decarboxylation of acetyl groups in the Krebs cycle (HL)
20 flashcards
C1.2.13 Transfer of energy by reduced NAD (HL)
14 flashcards
C1.2.14 Generation of a proton gradient (HL)
15 flashcards
C1.2.15 Chemiosmosis and the synthesis of ATP in the mitochondrion (HL)
18 flashcards
C1.2.16 Role of oxygen as terminal electron acceptor in aerobic cell respiration (HL)
19 flashcards
C1.2.17 Differences between lipids and carbohydrates as respiratory substrates (HL)
21 flashcards
C1.3 Photosynthesis
19 subtopics
C1.3.3 Oxygen as a by-product of photosynthesis
19 flashcards
C1.3.4 Separation and identification of photosynthetic pigments by chromatography
15 flashcards
C1.3.5 Absorption of specific wavelengths of light by photosynthetic pigments
16 flashcards
C1.3.6 Similarities and differences of absorption and action spectra
19 flashcards
C1.3.7 The effects of limiting factors on the rate of photosynthesis
20 flashcards
C1.3.9 Photosystems (HL)
20 flashcards
C1.3.10 Advantages of the structured array of different types of pigment molecules (HL)
20 flashcards
C1.3.11 Generation of oxygen by the photolysis of water in photosystem II (HL)
18 flashcards
C1.3.12 ATP production by chemiosmosis in thylakoids (HL)
15 flashcards
C1.3.13 Reduction of NADP by photosystem I (HL)
21 flashcards
C1.3.14 Thylakoids as systems for performing the light-dependent photosynthesis reactions (HL)
16 flashcards
C1.3.15 Carbon fixation by Rubisco (HL)
19 flashcards
C1.3.16 Synthesis of triose phosphate using reduced NADP and ATP (HL)
18 flashcards
C1.3.17 Regeneration of RuBP in the Calvin cycle using ATP (HL)
17 flashcards
C1.3.18 Synthesis of carbohydrates, amino acids and other carbon compounds (HL)
20 flashcards
C1.3.19 Interdependence of the light-dependent and light-independent reactions (HL)
15 flashcards
C2.1 Chemical signalling (HL)
14 subtopics
C2.1.3 Hormones, neurotransmitters, cytokines and calcium ions
21 flashcards
C2.1.4 Chemical diversity of hormones and neurotransmitters
18 flashcards
C2.1.6 Transmembrane receptors VS Intracellular receptors
20 flashcards
C2.1.7 Initiation of signal transduction pathways by receptors
19 flashcards
C2.1.8 Transmembrane receptors for neurotransmitters and changes to membrane potential
19 flashcards
C2.1.9 Transmembrane receptors that activate G proteins
20 flashcards
C2.1.10 Mechanism of action of epinephrine (adrenaline) receptors
17 flashcards
C2.1.11 Transmembrane receptors with tyrosine kinase activity
20 flashcards
C2.1.12 Intracellular receptors that affect gene expression
15 flashcards
C2.1.13 Effects of the hormones oestradiol and progesterone on target cells
16 flashcards
C2.1.14 Regulation of cell signalling pathways by positive and negative feedback
15 flashcards
C2.2 Neural signalling
16 subtopics
C2.2.2 Generation of the resting potential by pumping
19 flashcards
C2.2.3 Nerve impulses as action potentials that are propagated along nerve fibres
13 flashcards
C2.2.4 Variation in the speed of nerve impulses
20 flashcards
C2.2.5 Synapses as junctions between neurons and between neurons and effector cells
13 flashcards
C2.2.6 Release of neurotransmitters from a presynaptic membrane
20 flashcards
C2.2.7 Generation of an excitatory postsynaptic potential
20 flashcards
C2.2.8 Depolarization and repolarization during action potentials (HL)
19 flashcards
C2.2.9 Propagation of an action potential along a nerve fibre/axon (HL)
15 flashcards
C2.2.10 Oscilloscope traces showing resting potentials and action potentials (HL)
15 flashcards
C2.2.11 Saltatory conduction in myelinated fibres to achieve faster impulses (HL)
18 flashcards
C2.2.12 Effects of exogenous chemicals on synaptic transmission (HL)
19 flashcards
C2.2.13 Inhibitory neurotransmitters and generation of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (HL)
15 flashcards
C2.2.14 Summation of the effects of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters (HL)
17 flashcards
C2.2.15 Perception of pain by neurons with free nerve endings in the skin (HL)
8 flashcards
C2.2.16 Consciousness (HL)
15 flashcards
C3.1 Integration of body systems
23 subtopics
C3.1.4 The brain as a central information integration organ
8 flashcards
C3.1.5 The spinal cord as an integrating centre for unconscious processes
20 flashcards
C3.1.6 Input to the spinal cord and cerebral hemispheres through sensory neurons
18 flashcards
C3.1.7 Output from the cerebral hemispheres to muscles through motor neurons
14 flashcards
C3.1.8 Nerves as bundles of nerve fibres of both sensory and motor neurons
17 flashcards
C3.1.9 Pain reflex arcs
16 flashcards
C3.1.10 Role of the cerebellum in coordinating skeletal muscle contraction and balance
19 flashcards
C3.1.11 Modulation of sleep patterns by melatonin secretion as a part of circadian rhythms
15 flashcards
C3.1.12 Epinephrine (adrenaline) secretion by the adrenal glands
20 flashcards
C3.1.13 Control of the endocrine system
15 flashcards
C3.1.14 Feedback control of heart rate
18 flashcards
C3.1.15 Feedback control of ventilation rate
20 flashcards
C3.1.16 Control of peristalsis in the digestive system
19 flashcards
C3.1.17 Observations of tropic responses in seedlings (HL)
19 flashcards
C3.1.18 Positive phototropism (HL)
19 flashcards
C3.1.19 Phytohormones (HL)
17 flashcards
C3.1.20 Auxin efflux carriers (HL)
16 flashcards
C3.1.21 Promotion of cell growth by auxin (HL)
16 flashcards
C3.1.22 Interactions between auxin and cytokinin (HL)
20 flashcards
C3.1.23—Positive feedback in fruit ripening and ethylene production (HL)
21 flashcards
C3.2 Defense against disease
18 subtopics
C3.2.1 Pathogens as the cause of infectious diseases
20 flashcards
C3.2.3 Sealing of cuts in skin by blood clotting
21 flashcards
C3.2.4 Differences between the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system
19 flashcards
C3.2.6 Lymphocytes as cells in the adaptive immune system that cooperate to produce antibodies
19 flashcards
C3.2.7 Antigens as recognition molecules that trigger antibody production
17 flashcards
C3.2.9 Multiplication of activated B-lymphocytes
20 flashcards
C3.2.10 Immunity as a consequence of retaining memory cells
18 flashcards
C3.2.11 Transmission of HIV in body fluids
18 flashcards
C3.2.12 Infection of lymphocytes by HIV with AIDS as a consequence
19 flashcards
C3.2.13 Antibiotics
19 flashcards
C3.2.14 Evolution of resistance to several antibiotics
17 flashcards
C3.2.15 Zoonoses
23 flashcards
C3.2.16 Vaccines and immunization
20 flashcards
C3.2.17 Herd immunity and the prevention of epidemics
16 flashcards
C3.2.18 Evaluation of data related to the COVID-19 pandemic
19 flashcards
C4.1 Populations and communities
18 subtopics
C4.1.2 Estimation of population size by random sampling
15 flashcards
C4.1.3 Random quadrat sampling to estimate population size for sessile organisms
19 flashcards
C4.1.4 Capture–mark–release–recapture and the Lincoln index
21 flashcards
C4.1.5 Carrying capacity and competition for limited resources
11 flashcards
C4.1.6 Negative feedback control of population size by density-dependent factors
16 flashcards
C4.1.7 Population growth curves
15 flashcards
C4.1.10 A community as all of the interacting organisms in an ecosystem
20 flashcards
C4.1.11 Herbivory, predation, interspecific competition, mutualism, parasitism and pathogenicity
24 flashcards
C4.1.13 Resource competition between endemic and invasive species
19 flashcards
C4.1.15 Use of the chi-squared test for association between two species
19 flashcards
C4.1.16 Predator–prey relationships
18 flashcards
C4.1.17 Top-down and bottom-up control of populations in communities
18 flashcards
C4.1.18 Allelopathy and secretion of antibiotics
22 flashcards
C4.2 Transfer of energy and matter
22 subtopics
C4.2.1 Ecosystems
19 flashcards
C4.2.2 Sunlight
18 flashcards
C4.2.3 Flow of chemical energy through food chains
14 flashcards
C4.2.4 Construction of food chains and food webs
22 flashcards
C4.2.5 Supply of energy to decomposers
21 flashcards
C4.2.6 Autotrophs
15 flashcards
C4.2.7 Use of light as the external energy source
19 flashcards
C4.2.8 Heterotrophs
15 flashcards
C4.2.9 Release of energy in both autotrophs and heterotrophs
15 flashcards
C4.2.10 Classification of organisms into trophic levels
7 flashcards
C4.2.11 Construction of energy pyramids
15 flashcards
C4.2.12 Reductions in energy availability at each successive stage in food chains
21 flashcards
C4.2.13 Heat loss to the environment in both autotrophs and heterotrophs
16 flashcards
C4.2.14 Restrictions on the number of trophic levels in ecosystems
14 flashcards
C4.2.15 Primary production as accumulation of carbon compounds in biomass by autotrophs
15 flashcards
C4.2.16 Secondary production as accumulation of carbon compounds in biomass by heterotrophs
14 flashcards
C4.2.17 Constructing carbon cycle diagrams
7 flashcards
C4.2.18 Ecosystems as carbon sinks and carbon sources
19 flashcards
C4.2.19 Release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere during combustion
14 flashcards
C4.2.20 Analysis of the Keeling Curve in terms of photosynthesis, respiration and combustion
17 flashcards
C4.2.21 Dependence of aerobic respiration on atmospheric oxygen produced by photosynthesis
16 flashcards
C4.2.22 Recycling of all chemical elements required by living organisms in ecosystems
19 flashcards