• Design Technology (DT)
• Design Technology (First Exam 2027)
• Digital Society (DS)
• Economics
• English A Lang & Lit
• English A Lit
• English B
• Environmental systems and societies (ESS)
• French A
• French ab initio

• French B
• Geography
• German A
• German ab initio
• German B
• Global Politics
• History
• Mathematics Analysis and Approaches (AA)
• Mathematics Applications & Interpretation (AI)
• Philosophy

• Physics
• Psychology
• Psychology (First Exam 2027)
• Spanish A
• Spanish ab initio
• Spanish B
• Sports, exercise and health science (SEHS)
• Theory of Knowledge (TOK)

• 3–4 marks
  • Describes an existing or developing strategy that addresses an environmental issue linked to the research question.
  • Explains a tension between different perspectives (economic, social, cultural, political or environmental) that results from the strategy.
• 1–2 marks
  • States an existing or developing strategy that addresses an environmental issue linked to the research question.
  • Describes a tension between different perspectives that results from the strategy.

Criterion C: Method (4 marks)

Assesses whether the student has developed an appropriate and repeatable method to collect data relevant to the research question. Data may be primary or secondary, qualitative or quantitative.

Band descriptors:

• 3–4 marks
  • Describes a repeatable method.
  • The method allows for the collection of sufficient data to answer the research question.
• 1–2 marks
  • Describes a method that is not repeatable.
  • The method does not allow for sufficient data to be collected to address the research question.

Criterion D: Treatment of data (6 marks)

Assesses how effectively the student communicates and processes the data, using techniques appropriate to the experimental or social-science method of inquiry.

Band descriptors:

• 5–6 marks
  • The communication of raw and processed data is clear and detailed.
  • The techniques used to process the raw data lead to findings that fully address the research question.
  • The raw data is processed correctly.
• 3–4 marks
  • The communication of raw and processed data is clear.
  • The techniques used to process the raw data lead to findings that do not fully address the research question.
  • The raw data is processed with some minor errors.
• 1–2 marks
  • The communication of raw and processed data is not clear.
  • The techniques used to process the raw data lead to findings that do not address the research question.
  • The raw data is processed with major errors.

Criterion E: Analysis and conclusion (6 marks)

Assesses how the student interprets the data, identifies patterns, and reaches a valid conclusion that answers the research question.

Band descriptors:

• 5–6 marks
  • The analysis explains all the patterns and trends within the data relevant to the research question, including measures of bias, reliability, validity and uncertainty.
  • The conclusion addresses the research question and is supported by the analysis presented.
• 3–4 marks
  • The analysis describes patterns or trends within the data relevant to the research question, including some measures of bias, reliability, validity and uncertainty.
  • The conclusion addresses the research question and is partially supported by the analysis presented.
• 1–2 marks
  • The analysis identifies patterns or trends within the data relevant to the research question.
  • The conclusion either does not address the research question or is not supported by the analysis presented.

Criterion F: Evaluation (6 marks)

Assesses the student's evaluation of the investigation.

Band descriptors:

• 5–6 marks
  • Evaluates specific methodological limitations or weaknesses that impact the conclusion.
  • Evaluates improvements to the method that address those limitations or weaknesses.
  • Describes unresolved questions arising from the investigation as they impact the conclusion.
• 3–4 marks
  • Describes methodological limitations or weaknesses that impact the conclusion.
  • Describes improvements to the method that address the identified limitations or weaknesses.
  • Outlines unresolved questions that arise from the investigation.
• 1–2 marks
  • States generic methodological limitations or weaknesses that impact the conclusion.
  • States improvements to the method that address the identified limitations or weaknesses.
  • States generic unresolved questions that arise from the investigation.

Notes on grade boundaries

The IB has not yet published grade boundaries for the new (2026) ESS syllabus — first assessment is May 2026 and boundaries are released alongside results in July. Until then, the 30-mark IA total is the most reliable signal; use the band descriptors above to interpret each criterion. ESS HL is brand new for the 2026 syllabus, so no historical HL boundaries exist at all.